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University of Minnesota Medical School researchers have shown that reducing chronic inflammation can significantly protect against age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-like pathology in preclinical models. The findings were recently published in Cell Death & Disease.

In Black adults, computed tomography colonography (CTC) is cost-effective for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, according to a study published online Nov. 12 in Cancer Medicine.

ACM, the Association for Computing Machinery, today presented a 26-member team with the ACM Gordon Bell Prize for Climate Modeling in recognition of their project "Computing the Full Earth System at 1 km Resolution." The award honors innovative contributions to parallel computing toward solving the global climate crisis.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) impacts nearly two million Americans, and by the time most people learn they have it, most of the body's insulin-producing cells are destroyed. Now, pinpointing a hidden group of immune "attack" cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes that appear earlier in the disease could offer the first real chance to detect—and even stop—T1D, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania detailed in Science Immunology.

Pancreatic cancer is the deadliest form of cancer worldwide, mainly because the disease is often discovered late. Symptoms associated with these tumors are often non-specific, so patients and doctors do not immediately suspect cancer. Moreover, these tumors are difficult to detect in the early stages on abdominal CT scans. Once the diagnosis is made, curative treatment is usually no longer possible. Only 10% of patients survive beyond five years.

When designing membranes that separate industrial gases, scientists often incorporate structures that attract the gas they want to obtain. This attraction can enhance the membrane's permeability, and help isolate the desired gas more efficiently.

The understanding of complex many-body dynamics in laser-driven polyatomic molecules is crucial for any attempt to steer chemical reactions by means of intense light fields. Ultrashort and intense X-ray pulses from accelerator-based free electron lasers (FELs) now open the door to directly watch the strong reshaping of molecules by laser fields.

We owe a lot to tissue resident memory T cells (TRM). These specialized immune cells are among the body's first responders to disease.

A vast region of our solar system, called the Kuiper belt, stretches from the orbit of Neptune out to 50 or so astronomical units (AU), where an AU is the distance between Earth and the sun. This region consists mostly of icy objects and small rocky bodies, like Pluto. Scientists believe Kuiper belt objects (KPOs) are remnants left over from the formation of the solar system.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have identified a brain circuit that can drive repetitive and compulsive behaviors in mice, even when natural rewards such as food or social contact are available. The study has been published in the journal Science Advances and may contribute to increased knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction.

At low temperatures, hydrogen atoms move less like particles and more like waves. This characteristic enables quantum tunneling, the passage of an atom through a barrier with a higher potential energy than the energy of the atom. Understanding how hydrogen atoms move through potential barriers has important industrial applications. However, the small size of hydrogen atoms makes direct observation of their motion extremely challenging.

Researchers from the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have uncovered how soil food webs promote the transformation and storage of photosynthetic carbon in farmlands. Their results were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production.

A joint research team from NIMS and Toyo Tanso has developed a carbon electrode that enables stable operation of a 1-Wh-class stacked lithium-air battery, achieving higher output, longer life and scalability simultaneously.

An international study led by Mayo Clinic researchers has found that for people with severe carotid artery narrowing who haven't experienced recent stroke symptoms, a minimally invasive procedure called carotid artery stenting, combined with intensive medical therapy, significantly lowered stroke risk compared with medical therapy alone. Traditional surgery (carotid endarterectomy) did not show the same benefit. The research is published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Ancient Mars boasted abundant water, but the cold and dry conditions of today make liquid water on the Red Planet seem far less probable. However, the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) detected strong radar reflections from a 20-kilometer-wide area over the base of Mars's southern polar ice cap, hinting at the possibility of liquid water below the icy surface. Such a finding would have major implications for the planet's possible habitability.

Cornell researchers have found that a new DNA sequencing technology can be used to study how transposons move within and bind to the genome. Transposons play critical roles in immune response, neurological function and genetic evolution, and implications of the finding include agricultural advancements and understanding disease development and treatment.

A research team from Prof. Benjamin List's department at the Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung has solved a long-elusive riddle of chemistry: the synthesis of stable, open-chain amines that carry their chirality on nitrogen. This marks the first achievement of its kind, enabled by a newly developed catalytic reaction and a precisely engineered, highly confined catalyst. The work of the Mülheim scientists is fundamental in nature but also opens up new avenues for active ingredients, catalysts, and materials.

The use of virtual reality (VR) is expanding across industries, but its large-scale application in educational settings has remained largely unexplored. As the technical capabilities and affordability of VR tools continue to improve, Waterloo researcher Dr. Ville Mäkelä is turning his classroom into a living lab to better understand how VR can enrich the student experience.

Pfizer's mRNA flu vaccine worked better than a standard flu shot in a large Phase 3 trial, researchers reported.

Whether you're a home gardener or an industrial farmer, you might be familiar with mulching films—plastic sheets laid over the soil to protect seedlings and promote crop growth. But like many other plastic materials, these films can release damaging microplastics and don't have any insect-repelling power. So, a team reporting in ACS Agricultural Science & Technology has developed an alternative biodegradable mulching film that also naturally repels pests using citronella oil.

Biomedical researchers at Texas A&M University may have discovered a way to stop or even reverse the decline of cellular energy production—a finding that could have revolutionary effects across medicine.

For patients recovering from opioid use disorder, particularly from drugs like fentanyl or heroin, the days immediately following a hospital stay are among the most dangerous. A new multi-state study led by researchers at CU Anschutz found that nearly half of patients discharged with take-home methadone successfully connected to follow-up treatment within 72 hours. That window can be the difference between relapse and recovery or even life and death.

Combining genetic risk with cardiovascular disease risk factors—such as high LDL cholesterol, obesity, and hypertension—may predict who is more likely to develop dementia, according to a new study led by UC San Francisco.

Who owns the rainforest—and who has the right to use it—might seem like a simple question.

In the search for a way to measure different forms of a condition called sensory processing disorder, neuroscientists are using imaging to see how young brains process sensory stimulation.

Researchers at Clarkson University have discovered a new way to destroy "forever chemicals," known as PFAS, using only stainless steel ball milling equipment. The method does not need added chemicals, heat, or solvents.

Around the world, girls are challenging gender norms in creative, courageous and often overlooked ways—but the risks are high, a report says.

A new study led by Clarkson University Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy Kwadwo Appiah-Kubi shows that too much sitting and too little physical activity can weaken balance and walking ability, even in healthy young adults. The research, published in Applied Sciences, highlights why moving more and sitting less is important for long-term mobility and everyday safety.

When Old Town High School Math Teacher Kristen Thompson uses TriO—a virtual reality environment developed by researchers at the University of Maine—she envisions a scenario that every teacher dreams about for their students: constant collaboration.

Scientists at the Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, have discovered how a gene-regulating protein forms tiny liquid-like droplets inside the cell nucleus (the compartment that stores and manages DNA) to guard against cancer. Their study, published in Nature Communications, shows that these protein droplets act as control centers that keep tumor-suppressor genes switched on.

Three times as many lung cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone eligible for screening got a chest CT scan, a new study says.

When environmental policymakers are invited to imagine the future together, they don't just think differently, they feel differently, too.

Scientists have been able to measure the electrical signals in the "second brain in our guts" for the first-ever time, giving renewed understanding to its interconnection with the brain.

Researchers at the University of Toronto's Temerty Faculty of Medicine have found widespread genetic and protein changes in the brain cells of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which may help shed light on mechanisms of the disease.

UNC researchers discovered how a key step in cell signaling works by showing exactly how G proteins detach from receptors that many common medicines target.

A Washington State University research team is working to create an artificial cartilage that is similar to natural cartilage with a recipe that can be corrected along the way.

Researchers have uncovered how successful chromosome segregation during sexual reproduction is achieved in plants. The discovery, by scientists led by the University of Leicester, could be beneficial for both plant breeding and understanding human fertility.

New York City's thousands of traffic cameras capture endless hours of footage each day, but analyzing that video to identify safety problems and implement improvements typically requires resources that most transportation agencies don't have.

Although existing CRISPR-Cas-based imaging methods can target endogenous genomic sequences, their applications are limited by system complexity and sensitivity, particularly when imaging non-repetitive loci, performing multi-locus visualization, or working with primary cells.

Mindfulness-based interventions may reduce burnout among nurses and midwives and among a mixture of health care professionals (HCPs), but professional coaching appears to be most effective for reducing burnout among physicians, according to a review published online Nov. 18 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Chemerin is a key adipokine that regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and thus is involved in many metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In addition, it plays a critical role in inflammation as a chemoattractant adipokine by guiding immune cell trafficking to inflammatory sites.

In research, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are derived from skin, urine, or blood samples and developed into other cells, like heart tissue, that researchers want to study. Because of the similarities between certain dog and human diseases, canine iPS cells have potential uses in regenerative medicine and drug discovery.　

Higher yields, greater resilience to climatic changes or diseases—the demands on crop plants are constantly growing. To address these challenges, researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) are developing new methods in genetic engineering.

Japanese local authorities approved the restart of the world's biggest nuclear plant on Friday for the first time since the 2011 Fukushima disaster.

The World Health Organization has declared Indonesia's polio outbreak officially over, following nearly three years of intensive response efforts, officials said Friday.

Two parallel and complementary studies conducted by the IDIBELL team led by Dr. Alessandra Giorgetti have succeeded in recreating models of GATA2 deficiency disease, a rare genetic disorder that affects fewer than 1 million people worldwide. Thanks to these new models developed by Dr. Giorgetti's team, we now have a clearer understanding of the molecular process by which the hematopoietic stem cells of these patients become cancerous.

Researchers have discovered that ferroelectric fluids can harness an overlooked transverse electrostatic force (TEF) to rise over 80 mm, without magnets or high voltages. By exploiting the fluid's spontaneous polarization and exceptionally high dielectric constant, they achieved a strong TEF, previously thought unattainable in conventional electrostatics.

The roots of addiction risk may lie in how young brains function long before substance use begins, according to a new study from Weill Cornell Medicine. The investigators found that children with a family history of substance use disorder (SUD) already showed distinctive patterns of brain activity that differ between boys and girls, which may reflect separate predispositions for addiction.

Improving diet and increasing physical activity levels together may be more effective at preventing weight gain—particularly harmful fat inside the abdomen—than just changing one of these behaviors, new research from the University of Cambridge suggests.

At the cellular level, the mechanics of how muscle tissue repair occurs gets complicated. There are significant differences between, say, tearing a muscle in a sports injury versus muscle tissue wasting away from diseases like muscular dystrophy.

A research team affiliated with UNIST has unveiled a novel thermoelectric (TE) film, capable of powering LED lights using a mere 1.5°C temperature difference between the human body and ambient air. This innovative technology promises new possibilities for self-powered wearable devices and energy-harvesting applications.

Solar panels made from silicon already adorn rooftops and vast fields around the world—but they are reaching their performance limits. Researchers are now pairing silicon with a promising material called perovskite to capture more sunlight and generate more electricity within the same area.

The ability to analyze the brain's neural connectivity is emerging as a key foundation for brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies, such as controlling artificial limbs and enhancing human intelligence. To make these analyses more precise, it is critical to quickly and accurately interpret the complex signals from many neurons in the brain.

A new Australian study has smashed the myth that generative AI systems such as ChatGPT could soon replace society's most creative playwrights, authors, songwriters, artists and scriptwriters.

OpenAI and Taiwan electronics giant Foxconn have agreed to a partnership to design and manufacture key equipment for artificial intelligence data centers in the U.S. as part of ambitious plans to fortify American AI infrastructure.

The shipbuilding industry is on the verge of a major leap forward. Timo Alho's doctoral dissertation at the University of Vaasa introduces a pioneering power management strategy that prevents ship blackouts. In Alho's management principle, the vessel's electrical equipment is capable of independently supporting the ship's grid without centralized commands. This makes the vessel's power systems significantly more fault-tolerant than before.

You've just put a dollar into a machine to play a song and it stopped playing after a few seconds. You put in another dollar and the tune stops after a minute. You can't get your dollars back and can't listen to the song you want. But what if you had known ahead of time what would happen, and could have saved yourself the money and frustration?

Soon, researchers may be able to create movies of their favorite protein or virus better and faster than ever before. Researchers at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have pioneered a new machine learning method—called X-RAI (X-Ray single particle imaging with Amortized Inference)—that can "look" at millions of X-ray laser-generated images and create a three-dimensional reconstruction of the target particle. The team recently reported their findings in Nature Communications.

By studying the theoretical limits of how light can be used to perform computation, Cornell researchers have uncovered new insights and strategies for designing energy-efficient optical computing systems.

Researchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo have developed a neural-network-based 3D imaging technique that can precisely measure moving objects—a task long considered extremely challenging for conventional optical systems.

Reducing the U.K.'s energy demand could help the country reach its net zero target faster and at half the cost compared to relying mainly on supply-side technologies, according to new research by energy experts.

The poplar (Populus alba) has a unique survival strategy: when exposed to hot and dry conditions, it curls its leaves to expose the ventral surface, reflecting sunlight, and at night, the moisture condensed on the leaf surface releases latent heat to prevent frost damage. Plants have evolved such intricate mechanisms in response to dynamic environmental fluctuations in diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles, light intensity, and humidity, but there have been few instances of realizing such a sophisticated thermal management system with artificial materials.

Paper packaging is a sustainable alternative to plastic. However, as it is permeable to air, food packaged in paper loses its flavor over time, and undesirable substances such as solvents can penetrate the packaging. Up to now, extensive tests were necessary for each type of paper to determine to what extent and how quickly this happens.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a report identifying strategies for developing a more efficient, sustainable and resilient U.S. metals processing infrastructure, where metals are used and reused more efficiently throughout the economy. The report highlights key challenges that must be addressed to achieve this goal, including a lack of robust standards for recycled content and supply chain vulnerabilities for critical materials.

It's becoming increasingly difficult to make today's artificial intelligence (AI) systems work at the scale required to keep advancing. They require enormous amounts of memory to ensure all their processing chips can quickly share all the data they generate in order to work as a unit.

Around a quarter of UK homes lie on disused coalfields. These abandoned coal mines are flooded with water that is naturally heated by the Earth.

How can components be designed for an optimal balance of minimal weight and maximum robustness? This is a challenge faced by many industries, from medical device manufacturing to the automotive and aeronautics sectors.

As the world's need for energy storage increases, sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a less expensive and more environmentally friendly complement to lithium-based batteries. Research by Brown University engineers sheds new light on how sodium behaves inside these batteries, providing new design specifications for anode materials that maximize stability and energy density for sodium-ion batteries.

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can write an essay or plan a menu almost instantly. But until recently, it was also easy to stump them. The models, which rely on language patterns to respond to users' queries, often failed at math problems and were not good at complex reasoning. Suddenly, however, they've gotten a lot better at these things.

After years of design, development, and testing, NASA's X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft took to the skies for the first time Oct. 28, marking a historic moment for the field of aeronautics research and the agency's "Quesst mission."