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A self-proclaimed Brazil-Italy collaboration enthusiast, researcher Laura Bolognesi created the B2AlzD2 Joint Lab at the Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology of the Università di Bologna (UNIBO), the first Brazil-Bologna joint laboratory dedicated to the development of new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The partners include scientists from four Brazilian universities: the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), the University of Brasília (UnB), the University of São Paulo (USP Ribeirão Preto) and the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Neglected tropical diseases refer to a group of ailments that affect millions of people globally, often in poverty-stricken areas of the world, and yet don't receive the scientific attention they deserve. Schistosomiasis is one such disease—a persistent parasitic infection that affects an estimated 250 million people in 78 countries, particularly in Africa and Latin America.
Optical forces, which act like an invisible "hand," are capable of precisely controlling tiny particles. Optical tweezers, a well-known tool, use this force to capture and manipulate small objects such as cells, bacteria, and viruses. This effect is based on the transfer of momentum from photons to particles—when light interacts with a particle, it generates enough force to move it. Arthur Ashkin's development of optical tweezers earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018.
Is vaping finally losing its coolness for American teens? The latest tally of federal data finds that 550,000 school kids, mostly high schoolers, quit using e-cigarettes in 2024.
Biomass is among the most abundant renewable resources on Earth. Through catalytic conversion, biomass can upgrade into a series of fuels and chemicals which can substitute traditional fossil resources, thus playing a crucial role in achieving the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" target.
New findings using data from NASA's IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) mission offer unprecedented insight into the shape and nature of a structure important to black holes called a corona. The findings are published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Tracy Rittenhouse, associate professor of natural resources and the environment in UConn's College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources (CAHNR), was doing an experiment to study ranavirus epidemics in wood frogs. When Meghan Parsley, then a Ph.D. student at Washington State University, heard about it, she realized the approach would be ideal to study some questions she had about environmental DNA (eDNA) as well.
For patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), tenecteplase (TNK) has improved functional outcome and reduced disability and similar safety to alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator [TPA]), according to a study published online Oct. 16 in Neurology.
Some of the most widely used drugs today, including penicillin, were discovered through a process called phenotypic screening. Using this method, scientists are essentially throwing drugs at a problem—for example, when attempting to stop bacterial growth or fixing a cellular defect—and then observing what happens next, without necessarily first knowing how the drug works.
Nicotine pouches have overtaken cigarettes in youth popularity, as tobacco product use among US middle and high schoolers dropped to its lowest level in a quarter of a century, according to official data released Thursday.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is noninferior to conventional or moderately fractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer (PC), according to a study published online Oct. 16 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
In the current AI zeitgeist, sequence models have skyrocketed in popularity for their ability to analyze data and predict what to do next. For instance, you've likely used next-token prediction models like ChatGPT, which anticipate each word (token) in a sequence to form answers to users' queries. There are also full-sequence diffusion models like Sora, which convert words into dazzling, realistic visuals by successively "denoising" an entire video sequence.
The world is rapidly transitioning to renewable power, but there are shortcomings. Solar power falls at night, and wind power recedes and ascends irregularly. New technologies need to be developed that can store energy from the electrical grid when there's a surplus and deploy it when there's not enough.
In recent decades, we've learned huge amounts about the universe and its history. The rapidly developing technology of telescopes—both on Earth and in space—has been a key part of this process, and those that are due to start operating over the next two decades should push the boundaries of our understanding of cosmology much further.
Researchers at Durham University, in collaboration with international partners, have developed a robotic system that allows for continuous, long-term observation of honeybee colonies.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have shown that an important class of DNA-binding factors can also bind to RNA, regulating gene expression through various mechanisms. The study significantly expands our understanding of these proteins' functions and establishes them as a new class of RNA-binding proteins.
Quantum defects have the potential to act as ultra-sensitive sensors that could offer new kinds of navigation or biological sensor technology.
The question of what causes complex neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's or multiple sclerosis continues to confound scientists and doctors, with the unknowns standing in the way of early diagnoses and effective treatments.
Due to launch in the early 2030s, NASA's DAVINCI mission will investigate whether Venus—a sweltering world wrapped in an atmosphere of noxious gases—once had oceans and continents like Earth.
In a study believed to be the first of its kind published, a research team led by Johns Hopkins Medicine provides scientific evidence that a healthy diet may reduce the chance of low risk prostate cancer progressing to a more aggressive state in men undergoing active surveillance—a clinical option in which men with lower risk cancer are carefully monitored for progression in lieu of treatments that could have undesired side effects or complications.
Hurricanes are massive, complex systems that can span hundreds of miles as they swirl around the low pressure of the storm's eye. In such a complicated situation, predicting how powerful a hurricane will grow is a difficult undertaking.
By combining visible light and electrochemistry, researchers have enhanced the conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products and stumbled upon a surprising discovery. The team found that visible light significantly improved an important chemical attribute called selectivity, opening new avenues not only for CO2 conversion but also for many other chemical reactions used in catalysis research and chemical manufacturing.
Novel method to scale phenotypic drug screening drastically reduces the number of input samples, costs, and labor required to execute a screen.
Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered how a protein in a deadly type of lung cancer can control how the immune system responds to the tumor, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Biofilms—slimy communities of bacteria—grow on all sorts of surfaces: from glaciers and hot springs to plant roots, your bathtub and fridge, wounds, and medical devices such as catheters. Most biofilms are composed of multiple bacterial species, but how these species manage to live together is unclear.
A multi-institutional group of researchers led by the Hubrecht Institute and Roche's Institute of Human Biology has developed strategies to identify regulators of intestinal hormone secretion. In response to incoming food, these hormones are secreted by rare hormone producing cells in the gut and play key roles in managing digestion and appetite.
Most people in most countries state that they wish to have a democratic government. But the definition of democracy has been constantly contested. Without understanding what people really mean by democracy, the concept is vulnerable to being exploited by dictators and anti-democratic politicians for their own ends.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology have identified GAME15 as a key protein that regulates the biosynthesis of both steroidal glycoalkaloids and steroidal saponins in plants of the genus Solanum.
From subatomic particles to complex molecules, quantum systems hold the key to understanding how the universe works. But there's a catch: when you try to model these systems, that complexity quickly spirals out of control—just imagine trying to predict the behavior of a massive crowd of people where everyone is constantly influencing everyone else. Turn those people into quantum particles, and you are now facing a "quantum many-body problem."
Researchers at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR) have introduced a technique, Tune-IMS, designed to improve the precision of isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) in measuring short-lived atomic nuclei. The development offers refined data for nuclear structure studies and could have potential applications in astrophysics, nuclear energy, and medicine.
Playing video games may boost your cognitive abilities and exercise can play a role in improving your mental health, but not the other way around, a large-scale study has found.
While actual evidence for life on Mars has never been found, a new NASA study proposes microbes could find a potential home beneath frozen water on the planet's surface.
In the world of zebra finches, males sing, and females were thought to just listen. But a new study by Daniela Vallentin at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence has overturned this assumption.
The microbes that cycle nutrients in the ocean don't do the work on their own—the viruses that infect them also influence the process. It's a vital job for the rest of the planet, enabling oceans to absorb half of the human-generated carbon in the atmosphere and produce half of the oxygen we breathe.
Physicists at RIKEN have demonstrated how ultrafast, low-power-consumption memory devices could be realized by replacing conventional magnetic materials with novel ones.
A collaborative effort between engineers and biologists at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) has uncovered a neuroprotective mechanism in spinal cord injury (SCI), shedding new light on therapeutic approaches to potentially benefit millions of patients worldwide.
Move more, quit smoking, lose weight: great resolutions, hard to keep. But does it get easier if there is a financial incentive in return? According to research by Radboud University and others, it can be an effective tool, although there are still some obstacles. They presented their findings this week in Economisch Statistische Berichten (ESB).
Scientists in the East of England have developed a way of using artificial intelligence to check for skin cancer, with the AI tool outperforming existing methods in a new study.
A new study conducted by SISSA's Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development and recently published in BMC Biology has led to a surprising revelation about the role of the FOXG1 gene: not only does it orchestrate development of the anterior brain by regulating RNA transcription, but its role includes direct regulation of RNA translation, i.e. protein production.
The foundation for healthy eating behavior starts in infancy. Young children learn to regulate their appetite through a combination of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. In a new paper, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign propose a model that explores these factors and their interactions, providing guidelines for better understanding childhood appetite self-regulation. The study is published in the journal Social Science & Medicine.
Psychology experts in the UK and US have found there is "not enough evidence" to link social media use to mental health problems like anxiety and depression.
Free onboard wifi has become the latest battleground between the world's leading airlines as the once expensive and unreliable service finally delivers quality comparable to being at home.
Say you want to study something big—like a community power grid, a massive pipe system, or roadways crisscrossing the entire United States—but none of it exists, at least not yet. How do you study these invisible labyrinths to make sure they will be safe and efficient?
Toyota Motor Corp.'s research unit and Hyundai Motor Co.'s Boston Dynamics are joining forces to speed up development of humanoid robots with artificial intelligence.
In an Imperial College London study, humans displayed sympathy towards and protected AI bots who were excluded from playtime. The researchers say the study, which used a virtual ball game, highlights humans' tendency to treat AI agents as social beings—an inclination that should be considered when designing AI bots.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the National Energy Technology Laboratory have developed and 3D printed the lightest crack-free alloy capable of operating without melting at temperatures above 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit.
For Deaf people, train travel can be a gamble. On an average day, nothing goes wrong: they catch their train to their destination and carry on with their business.
Nuclear power is garnering renewed attention amid growing demand for power and cleaner energy.
Millions of people around the world rely on humanitarian aid. One of the challenges when it comes to distributing aid is that resources are almost always scarce. Therefore, organizations want to ensure that people can only register once. CISPA-Faculty Dr. Wouter Lueks and his colleagues at EPFL in Lausanne recently developed a tool in cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) that enables organizations to overcome this challenge by using biometric data safely.
What if a security camera could not only capture video but understand what's happening—distinguishing between routine activities and potentially dangerous behavior in real time? That's the future being shaped by researchers at the University of Virginia's School of Engineering and Applied Science with their latest breakthrough: an AI-driven intelligent video analyzer capable of detecting human actions in video footage with unprecedented precision and intelligence.
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning models have advanced rapidly, becoming easily accessible. This has enabled people, even those without specialized expertise, to perform various tasks with AI. Among these models, generative adversarial networks (GANs) stand out for their outstanding performance in generating new data instances with the same characteristics as the training data, making them particularly effective for generating images, music, and text.
A joint research team has developed an energy system model optimized for Korea's environment and proposed an optimal strategy for utilizing hydrogen energy.
In new research published in the journal Fuel, Baylor University researchers with the Cornerstone Atomization and Combustion Lab (CAC) have unveiled a pioneering method for the efficient combustion of biofuels, using a revolutionary Swirl Burst (SB) injector to burn glycerol/methanol blends with near-zero emissions. This new technology enables ultra-clean combustion of fuels that are typically difficult to burn due to their high viscosity.
A new method can train a neural network to sort corrupted data while anticipating next steps. It can make flexible plans for robots, generate high-quality video, and help AI agents navigate digital environments.
Researchers at the University of Virginia have made a significant advancement in manufacturing technology by developing an AI-driven system that could transform how factories operate. Using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), the team has created a more efficient way to optimize manufacturing systems, improving both speed and quality while reducing waste.
Thanks to a technique developed by researchers at NC State University, autonomous vehicles might one day be able to navigate the roadways much better. The technique allows artificial intelligence programs to more accurately map three-dimensional spaces using two-dimensional images.
Amazon announced significant investments in nuclear energy on Wednesday, joining other tech giants in aiming to meet the high electric power demands of artificial intelligence using atomic energy.
Estimates suggest that 4 million parcels are delivered every day in Spain, most of which are destined for the metropolitan areas of large cities, which is where 55% of the country's population lives.
The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked concerns about the diminishing value of traditional art forms and the potential for substitution. Nonetheless, through their fusion, they offer new avenues for conserving art and culture while also igniting interest in passing down the heritage from generation to generation.
A research team from the Skoltech Energy Center, led by Distinguished Professor and director of the center Artem Abakumov, secured a patent for high-capacity cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries made from layered nickel-rich transition metal oxides, as well as a new hydrothermal microwave-assisted approach for their production.
A new world record in wireless transmission, promising faster and more reliable wireless communications, has been set by researchers from UCL.
The new study also identifies factors that can make these efforts more successful.
By fabricating semiconductor-free logic gates, which can be used to perform computation, researchers hope to streamline the manufacture of electronics.
Labs that can’t afford expensive super-resolution microscopes could use a new expansion technique to image nanoscale structures inside cells.
A new study adds evidence that consciousness requires communication between sensory and cognitive regions of the brain’s cortex.
By using a 3D printer like an iron, researchers can precisely control the color, shade, and texture of fabricated objects, using only one material.
Collaborative multi-university team will pursue new AI-enhanced design tools and high-throughput testing methods for next-generation turbomachinery.
Models show that an unexpected reduction in human-driven emissions led to a 10 percent decline in atmospheric mercury concentrations.
A new study of bubbles on electrode surfaces could help improve the efficiency of electrochemical processes that produce fuels, chemicals, and materials.
Because it doesn’t need expensive energy storage for times without sunshine, the technology could provide communities with drinking water at low costs.
Study reveals the drug, 5-fluorouracil, acts differently in different types of cancer — a finding that could help researchers design better drug combinations.
MIT CSAIL researchers created an AI-powered method for low-discrepancy sampling, which uniformly distributes data points to boost simulation accuracy.
By enabling users to chat with an older version of themselves, Future You is aimed at reducing anxiety and guiding young people to make better choices.
A new method called Clio enables robots to quickly map a scene and identify the items they need to complete a given set of tasks.
The technique leverages quantum properties of light to guarantee security while preserving the accuracy of a deep-learning model.
A new study shows Mars’ early thick atmosphere could be locked up in the planet’s clay surface.
New statistical models based on physiological data from more than 100 surgeries provide objective, accurate measures of the body’s subconscious perception of pain.
MIT researchers speed up a novel AI-based estimator for medication manufacturing by 60 times.
MIT researchers find that the first dose primes the immune system, helping it to generate a strong response to the second dose, a week later.
The interlocking bricks, which can be repurposed many times over, can withstand similar pressures as their concrete counterparts.
By analyzing X-ray crystallography data, the model could help researchers develop new materials for many applications, including batteries and magnets.
EAPS PhD student Jared Bryan found a way to use his research on earthquakes to help understand exoplanet migration.
Watching for changes in the Red Planet’s orbit over time could be new way to detect passing dark matter.
“Co-LLM” algorithm helps a general-purpose AI model collaborate with an expert large language model by combining the best parts of both answers, leading to more factual responses.
New research suggests neurons protect and preserve certain information through a dedicated zone of stable synapses.
MIT scientists’ discovery yields a potent immune response, could be used to develop a potential tumor vaccine.
In the universe’s first billion years, this brief and mysterious force could have produced more bright galaxies than theory predicts.
MIT researchers investigate the neural circuits that underlie placebos’ ability to relieve chronic and acute pain.
“ScribblePrompt” is an interactive AI framework that can efficiently highlight anatomical structures across different medical scans, assisting medical workers to delineate regions of interest and abnormalities.
For Sarah Sterling, the new director of the Cryo-Electron Microscopy facility at MIT.nano, better planning and more communication leads to better science.
Physicists capture images of ultracold atoms flowing freely, without friction, in an exotic “edge state.”
Membranes based on natural silk and cellulose can remove many contaminants, including “forever chemicals” and heavy metals.
Assistant Professor Richard Teague describes how movement of unstable gas in a protoplanetary disk lends credibility to a secondary theory of planetary formation.
The researchers identified an atomic-level interaction that prevents peptide bonds from being broken down by water.
The spending increases were particularly pronounced for businesses within 100 yards of charging stations, and for businesses in low-income areas.
Researchers developed an easy-to-use tool that enables an AI practitioner to find data that suits the purpose of their model, which could improve accuracy and reduce bias.
A new algorithm solves complicated partial differential equations by breaking them down into simpler problems, potentially guiding computer graphics and geometry processing.
In language-processing areas of the brain, some cell populations respond to one word, while others respond to strings of words.
A new family of integrated rock salt-polyanion cathodes opens door to low-cost, high-energy storage.
Building on a landmark algorithm, researchers propose a way to make a smaller and more noise-tolerant quantum factoring circuit for cryptography.
The first comprehensive model of rotor aerodynamics could improve the way turbine blades and wind farms are designed and how wind turbines are controlled.